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Contents derived from Wikipedia article on Shenyang

Shenyang

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

瀋陽 (Shěnyáng)

Administration Type Sub-provincial city

GDP

- Total

- Per Capita

¥224 billion

Area 13,000 km²

Population 7,204,000

Mayor Li Yingjie (李英杰)

Area code 24

License Plate Prefix 遼A

Shenyang (Simplified Chinese: 沈阳 or 渖阳(rare); Traditional Chinese: 瀋陽; pinyin: Shěnyáng, Manchu: Mukden) is the capital city of Liaoning province in Northeast China. It is a sub-provincial city with a population of 7.2 million, 13000 km² (districts area 5.53 million, 7400 km²). Along with its nearby cities, Shenyang is an important industrial center in China. The city was also known as Shengjing 盛京 or Fengtian 奉天.

Contents

1 Districts and zones

2 History

3 The Shenyang Incident

4 Split from Liaoning?

5 Underground

6 Ethnic Groups

7 Tourism

7.1 Heping District (和平區 Hépíng Qū)

7.2 Dadong District (大東區 Dàdōng Qū)

7.3 Shopping areas

7.4 Huanggu District (皇姑區 Huánggū Qū)

7.5 Shenhe District (瀋河區 Shěnhé Qū)

7.6 Tiexi District (鐵西區 Tiěxī Qū)

8 Transportation

9 Sports

10 Education System

10.1 Colleges and universities

10.2 Sister cities

11 See also

12 External links

Districts and zones

Major districts of Shenyang.Inner City Districts

Dadong District (大東區大东区 Dàdōng Qū)

Heping District (和平區和平区 Hépíng Qū)

Huanggu District (皇姑區皇姑区 Huánggū Qū)

Shenhe District (瀋河區沈河区 Shěnhé Qū)

Tiexi District (鐵西區铁西区 Tiěxī Qū)

Outer Districts and Areas

Yuhong District (於洪區于洪区 Yúhóng Qū)

Sujiatun District (蘇家屯區苏家屯区Sūjiātún Qū)

Dongling District (東陵區东陵区 Dōnglíng Qū) (東陵 Meaning East Tomb, burial site of Nurhaci)

Shenbei New District (新城子區新城子区 Xīn Chéngzi Qū)

Xinmin Town (新民市 Xīnmín Shi)

Faku County (法库縣法库县 Fǎkù Xiàn)

Kangping County (康平縣康平县 Kāngpíng Xiàn)

Liaozhong County (遼中縣辽中县 Liáozhōng Xiàn)

History

The city’s name, Shenyang, comes from the old name of the Hun River on the city’s south side, which used to be called Shen River. Archaeological findings show that human beings resided in present day Shenyang as early as 7,200 years ago. City of Shenyang was first established by Chinkai, a general of Yan state in the Warring States period about 300 B.C. It was named as Houcheng (Chinese: 候城) at that time. During the Tang Dynasty, it became the Gaimou prefecture (Chinese:蓋牟州). It became the Shen perfeture (瀋州) in the Jin Dynasty and ShenyangLu (Chinese:瀋陽路) in the Yuan Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, it became Shenyang Zhongwei(Chinese:瀋陽中衛).

In 1625 the Manchu leader Nurhaci moved his capital to Shenyang, or Simiyan hoton as it is called in Manchu. The official name was changed to Shengjing 盛京 in Chinese, or Mukden in Manchu 1634. The name derives from the Manchu word, mukdembi, meaning "to rise", and this is reflected by its Chinese name, which means "rising capital". Shenyang remained the capital of the Qing Dynasty until the overthrow of the Ming dynasty, and relocation of the capital to Beijing in 1644. However, it retained considerable prestige as the older capital, treasures of the royal house were kept at its palaces, and the tombs of the early Qing rulers were once among the most famous monuments in China. In 1657, Fengtian Prefecture (Chinese: 奉天府; Pinyin: Fèngtiān fǔ; Manchu: Abkai imiyangga fu or Fungtyian) was established in the Shenyang area, and Fengtian was sometimes used synonymously with Shenyang/Mukden. In 1914, the city changed back to its old name Shenyang. However, Shenyang continued to be known as Mukden in English sources (sometimes spelled Moukden) through much of the 20th century.

With the building of the South Manchurian Railway, Mukden became a Russian stronghold.

During the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Mukden was the site of the Battle of Mukden from on 19 February -10 March 1905. It was the largest battle of the world when it was fought. Following the Japanese victory, the Japanese concession at Mukden was one of the chief bases for Japanese economic expansion into southern Manchuria. It was also the seat of the Chinese viceroy of the three Manchurian provinces. In the 1920s, Mukden was the capital of the warlord Chang Tso-lin, who was killed when his train was blown up near Mukden at a Japanese-guarded railway bridge.

The Mukden Incident (18 September 1931), which gave the Japanese an impetus to create the Manchukuo state, took place near Shenyang. During the Manchukuo era (1932-1945) the city was called Fengtian again.

Soviet forces occupied Shenyang in early August 1945 on the surrender of Japan. The Soviets were replaced by the Nationalist Chinese, who were flown in on US transport planes. During the Chinese Civil War, Shenyang remained a Kuomintang stronghold from 1946-1948, although the Chinese communists controlled the surrounding countryside. It was captured by the communists on 30 October 1948 following a series of offensives. Since 1949, Shenyang developed into a major industrial center. Many of the major industrial companies have their headquarters located in Shenyang, such as Brilliance Auto and their production plants. Also the Shenyang Aviation Company which produces airplanes for civilian uses as well as for military for the PLAAF.

The Shenyang Incident

Some schools in Shenyang, China have banned the manga "Death Note"after some of their students started to tease friends and teachers by altering a stationery notebook to resemble a Death Note and writing names of people they didn't like in it.

The newspaper Shenyang Night Report called Death Note, "Poison, creating wicked hearts." Others however, including one major Chinese newspaper, feel that the ban is an over-reaction and is inappropriate. The over-reaction could be considered similar to the over-reaction found in the UK and U.S. regarding violent video games.[1]

Split from Liaoning?

There is speculation that Shenyang will combine with nearby Tieling and Fushun to become Shenyang City, a municipality directly controlled by the central government (瀋陽直轄市). This would downgrade Tieling and Fushun to districts within Shenyang, in a similar way that Jiading is a district in Shanghai. Although there is no confirmation of this change, preparations are already underway to change Tieling's area code to match that of Shenyang.

Underground

Shenyang has started to construct an underground system. The first (east-west) line should be finished in 2011. Construction is made hard by the rocky ground on which Shenyang is built.

Ethnic Groups

Shenyang has 38 of China's 56 recognised ethnic groups, including the Han Chinese majority that make up 91.26% of Shenyang's population.

The 37 minority groups are Manchu (滿族), Korean {朝鮮族), Muslim Hui (回族), Xibe (錫伯族), Mongolian (蒙古族), Zhuang (壯族), Miao (苗族), Tujia (土家族), Dong (侗族), Daur (達斡爾族), Bai (白族), Uygur (維吾爾族), Tibetan (藏族), Yi (彝族), Taiwanese Aboriginal People (高山族), She (畲族), Buyi (布依族), Yao (瑶族), Akha (哈尼族), Kazak (哈薩克族), Dai (傣族), Li (黎族), Shui (水族), Nakhi (納西族), Jingpo (景頗族), Kyrgyz (柯爾克孜族), Tu (土族), Mulam (仫佬族), Qiang (羌族) Maonan (毛南族), Gelao (仡佬族), Russian (俄羅斯族), Evenks (鄂温克族), Tatar (塔塔爾族), Oroqen (鄂倫春族), Nanai (赫哲族), Lhoba (珞巴族)[2]. Most of these groups are not native to the Shenyang area, but some, like the Manchus and the Xibe, are.

There is a very strong Korean influence in the city making Korean the second most spoken language in Shenyang.

Tourism

Heping District (和平區 Hépíng Qū)

Mao Statue at Zhongshan SquareSimplified Chinese: 和平区

The downtown Heping district has all manner of businesses that are brightly lit by neon at night.

At the center of the district, is the famous Zhongshan Square, featuring one of China's largest statues of Chairman Mao. To this day, flowers are still placed around a large statue of Chairman Mao around the holidays.

Dadong District (大東區 Dàdōng Qū)

Simplified Chinese: 大东区

Dadong District is the home of the 9.18 Museum and the Northern Pagoda. It is the largest district of the urban Shenyang city area.

Shopping areas

A busy commercial thoroughfare.There are several shopping areas in Shenyang. One of the districts, Taiyuan Street, (Chinese: 太原街), features western-style shopping and dining, including a Wal-mart, a Pizza Hut (which is very different from those located in North America since it is designed for premium dining, possessing an upscale interior design and a much large staff), consumer electronics stores, and a number of large, multi-story department stores selling products from around the world.

Another area, Wu'ai Market, (Traditional Chinese: 五愛市場, Simplified Chinese: 五爱市场), features a large multi-story shopping center with a size comparable to that of many city blocks. It contains hundreds, if not thousands, of mini or boutique stores that open very early in the morning and close in the early afternoon. It is famous for cheap clothes and household stuff. A large area of the market moved inside a new building in 2005. In early 2006 it shifted its opening times by one and a half hours so to open and close later.

There is also another area located in the center of the city, Middle Street, (Chinese: 中街), which is similar to Taiyuan Street. It features one of the largest department stores in Shenyang.

There are also a number of large superstores located throughout the city that sells everything from meat and dairy to clothes and electronics.

Huanggu District (皇姑區 Huánggū Qū)

Simplified Chinese: 皇姑区

Huanggu district is the site of the large, historical tomb of Huang Taiji (of the Qing Dynasty), called Beiling park (Chinese: 北嶺公園). The park covers an area of 3,300,000 sq. meters, and is serviced by trams for visitors who do not wish to (or cannot) traverse the length of the park.

Huanggu district also hosts the Liaoning Mansion Hotel.

Beiling park

Shenhe District (瀋河區 Shěnhé Qū)

Simplified Chinese: 沈河区

Shenhe District is the site of the Mukden Palace, a former imperial palace of the Qing emperors, now a museum and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is also the site of Zhang Zuolin's former home and headquarters, Shengjing Ancient Cultural Street, and Gloria Plaza, a high-end hotel.

Tiexi District (鐵西區 Tiěxī Qū)

Simplified Chinese: 铁西区

This mixed-use district contains large blocks of residential complexes, as well as strips of small to medium-sized shopping. It recently featured in a documentary called West of the Tracks (the literal meaning of Tiexi) by the young filmmaker Wang Bing [1].

Tiexi is also home to the Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Area, a state-level development zone. This new development area combined with Tiexi District has a population of 1 million people, a total area of 126 km², and enjoys the same administrative rank as municipality. (Administrative Committee of Shenyang)

Transportation

Shenyang is served by air, rail, and an extensive network of streets and expressways, with bus service throughout the city.

Shenyang is connected by a major expressway, the Jingshen 6 lane Expressway, to the city of Beijing, some 658 kilometers away.

The city is also served by the Shenyang Taoxian International Airport (瀋陽桃仙國際機場, airport code SHE), as well as by several smaller, regional airports. Direct flights from Shenyang goes to Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Seoul, Tokyo, Frankfurt, Sydney, Los Angeles and other cities.

The Shen-Da Expressway connecting Shenyang and Dalian is the first expressway ever built in China. It is the fastest highway (8 lane) linking one of the largest port city to Shenyang.

In Shenyang, there are more than 150 bus routes.

In November 2005 the City announced the start of construction of the Shenyang Metro subway line. [2]

Sports

The local soccer team is the Shenyang Jinde, in the Chinese Super League.

Education System

Shenyang has many schools, both public and private. There are also a number of privately-operated training centres that provide additional English skills. Shenyang International School provides primary and secondary education for expatriates, using the American SAT system.

Colleges and universities

ShenYang Polytechnic University

Northeastern University English Version

Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering English Version

China Medical University, China Medical University Website English Version

Liaoning University

Shenyang Jianzhu(Architechtural) University English Version

Shenyang Normal University, SYNU Website

Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology

Shenyang Medical College

Shenyang Agriculture University

Shenyang Pharmaceutical University English Version

Shenyang University

Shenyang Institute of Physical Education

Shenyang Ligong University

China Criminal Police University English Version

Shenyang Institute of Engeering

Liaoning Administrators College of Police and Justice

Liaoning Radio and TV University

Shenyang Radio and TV University

LuXun Academy of Fine Arts

Liaoning Party Institute of CCP

Liaoning Finance Vocational College

Liaoning Economy Vocational College

Liaoning Korean Normal School

Liaoning Traffic College

Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Sister cities

The following cities participate in Town twinning:

Sapporo, Japan 1980

Kawasaki, Japan 1981

Düsseldorf, Germany 1984

Torino, Italy 1985

Chicago, USA 1985

Irkutsk, Russia 1992

Quezon, Philippines 1993

Monterrey, Mexico 1993

Songnam, ROK 1998

Yaoundé, Cameroon 1998