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Content derived from the Wikipedia article on Gary, Indiana

Gary, Indiana

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This page is about the city Gary, Indiana. For the person, see Gary Indiana.

City of Gary, Indiana

Flag Seal

Nickname: "City in Motion, City of the Century, GI, Magic city of Steel, The Steel City"

Location in the state of Indiana, USA

Coordinates: 41°34′51″N, 87°20′44″W

County Lake

Mayor Rudolph Clay

Area

- City 148.3 km² (57.26 sq mi)

- Land 130.1 km² (50.23 sq mi)

- Water 18.2 km² (7.03 sq mi)

Elevation 175.87 m – 180+ m (577 ft – 600+ ft)

Population

- City (2000) 102,746

- Density 789.8/km²

Time zone CST (UTC-6)

- Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)

Website: www.gary.in.us

Gary is the largest city in Lake County, Indiana, USA. The city is located on the southeastern corner of the Chicagoland area and is approximately 25 miles from downtown Chicago. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 102,746 and is the largest Indiana city that is not a county seat. It borders Lake Michigan and is known for its large steel mills.

Contents

1 History

2 Recent events

3 Geography

4 Weather

4.1 Climate

4.2 Precipitation

5 Culture

5.1 Demographics

5.2 Neighborhoods

5.3 Education

5.3.1 Primary/Secondary Education

5.3.2 Continuing Education

5.4 Media

5.5 Transportation

6 Sports

6.1 Baseball

6.2 Basketball

7 Notable people from Gary, Indiana

7.1 Entertainment

7.2 Sports

7.3 Academic, science and technology

7.4 Politics and law

7.5 Other fields

8 External links

History

The city was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation as the home for its new plant. The city was named after the chairman of U.S. Steel, Elbert H. Gary.

Among U.S. cities of 100,000 or more, Gary has the highest percentage of African-American residents (as of the 2000 U.S. census). Gary had one of the nation's first African-American mayors, Richard G. Hatcher, and hosted the ground-breaking 1972 National Black Political Convention. At the same time, Gary suffered the urban phenomenon of "white flight" as many affluent residents left Gary and relocated to the surrounding towns and cities.

Gary's fortunes have risen and fallen with those of the steel industry. In the 1960s, like many other American urban centers, Gary entered a downward spiral of decline. Gary's decline was brought on by drugs, crime, and layoffs at the steel plants. US Steel continues to be a major steel producer, but with only a fraction of its former level of employment. While Gary has failed to attract many major businesses since its population peak, two casinos opened along the Gary lakeshore in the 1990s. Today, Gary faces numerous difficulties, including unemployment, major economic problems, and a high rate of crime, though the city has made some progress in addressing these issues since the 1990s.

Meredith Willson's 1957 Broadway musical The Music Man featured the song, "Gary, Indiana," describing the alleged alma mater of lead character Professor Harold Hill ("Gary Conservatory, Class of '05!"). The joke in Hill's claim, of course, is that the city of Gary wasn't founded until '06. Wilson's musical, set in 1912, was later made into two movies.

Recent events

Gary is celebrating its centennial yearThree-term Democratic mayor Scott King resigned from office in March, 2006, citing a desire to return to private law practice, and the financial rewards involved therein.[1] Then-deputy mayor and former Calumet Township Trustee Dozier T. Allen Jr. became acting mayor, pending a formal election by local Democratic party officials. On April 4, 2006, local officials chose former Lake County Commissioner and King rival Rudolph Clay to fill the remaining 21 months of King's term.

Celebrating its 100th year in 2006, The city of Gary finally seems to be rebounding from the ecconomic depression caused by the drop in American industry. Many of the building which have been left vacant for years are now finally planned for dempolition and development.[2] Many new homes have been built through a the HOPE VI grant from HUD. [3]

The Gary/Chicago International Airport has recently secured nearly 100 million dollars from grants and privated donations. The FAA approved GYY's master plan which includes the expansion of runways, land acquistition for a larger terminal, an integrated transportation center, and provision for a third runway. The first part of the plan requires for the move of the EJ&E line which runs at the end of the runway.

After many years at the top of the list, Gary has now been named the tenth most dangerous city in the United States; though this is not fantastic, it does show progress. [4]

Geography

Gary is located at 41°34′51″N, 87°20′44″W (41.580786, -87.345449)GR1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 148.3 km² (57.2 mi²). 130.1 km² (50.2 mi²) of it is land and 18.2 km² (7.0 mi²) of it (12.25%) is water. The city sits on the southern end of the former lake bed of the prehistoric Lake Chicago, and the current Lake Michigan. Most of the city's soil nearly one foot below the surface is pure sand. The sand beneath Gary, and on its beaches, is of such high quality that in years past it was mined for the manufacture of glass.

Gary is more or less "T" shaped, with its northern border on Lake Michigan, one of the United States's five "Great Lakes." At the Northwesternmost section Gary borders Hammond and East Chicago. As one moves from West to East across the top of Gary's aforementioned "T" shape, the city changes from being decidedly urban to being a bit more suburban, culminating in what is called the city's "Miller" or "Miller Beach" section, at its Northeastermost point, which borders Lake Station and Portage. Finally to the Southernmost section of Gary which borders Hobart and Merrillville.

Weather

The weather of Gary is greatly regulated by the lake, as Gary is at the Southernmost point. Weather varies yearly. Tornadoes are not common, though they do strike annually. Earthquakes are also a possibility, and have occured in the past, as Gary sits on a geologic fault.

Climate

Gary, like Chicago, has variable weather. In July and August, the warmest months, high temperatures average 84°F and peak around 105°F and low temperatures averaging 63°F. In January and February, the coldest months, high temperatures average 29°F with low temperatures averaging 13°F and at least a few days of temperatures dipping well below 0°F.

Precipitation

In summer months Gary is quite humid, and fog is not uncommon. The city's yearly precipitation averages about 40 inches which is a combination of both rain and snow. Summer is the rainiest season but its bark is bigger than its bite, with short-lived rainfall and very loud drawn-out thunderstorms. Winters vary but they are predominantly snow and blizzards are somewhat regular. Snowfall in Gary can average 24 to 36 inches per winter, but sometimes large blizzards hit because of what's known as "lake effect snow," a phenomenon wherein large amounts of evaporate from the lake is deposited onto the shoreline areas inordinate amounts of snow during the winter.

Culture

Demographics

City of Gary

Population by year [5]

1900 NA

1910 16,802

1920 55,378

1930 100,426

1940 111,719

1950 133,911

1960 178,320

1970 175,415

1980 151,953

1990 116,646

2000 102,746

2005 98,715

As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 102,746 people, 38,244 households, and 25,623 families residing in the city. The population density was 789.8/km² (2,045.5/mi²). There were 43,630 housing units at an average density of 335.4/km² (868.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 84.03% Black, 11.92% White, 0.21% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.97% from other races, and 1.71% from two or more races. 4.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 38,244 households out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.2% were married couples living together, 30.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the city the population was spread out with 29.9% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,195, and the median income for a family was $32,205. Males had a median income of $34,992 versus $24,432 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,383. About 22.2% of families and 25.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.9% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

Neighborhoods

Aetna

Ambridge

Black Oak

Brunswick

Downtown

Glen Park

Ivanhoe

Marshalltown

Midtown

Miller Beach

Tarrytown

Tolleston

Westbrook

Education

The city of Gary has had a sketchy history when it comes to education with test scores falling well below the national average. As an answer to this, multiple charter schools have been founded throughout the city as both an alternative and a catalyst to the public schools. Since that time the grades have risen and Gary Community Schools have built new elementary schools, though there is still room to improve. Along with school improvement and new schools, Gary residents have many options for education.

Further information: List of Schools in Gary

Primary/Secondary Education

There are two school districts and multiple charter schools located within the city:

Gary Charter Schools

Gary Community School Corporation

Lake Ridge Schools Corporation

Continuing Education

Gary is home to two regional state college campuses:

Indiana University Northwest

Ivy Tech Community College Northwest

Media

Newspapers -- Gary is served by two newspapers which are based outside the city. These papers provide regional topics including city-specific and Chicagoland news.

Post-Tribune, which was originally located in Gary. Offices and facilities for the Post-Tribune are based in Merrillville.

The Times, previously known as the Hammond Times. Offices and facilities for The Times are in nearby Munster.

Broadcast -- Gary is served by five local broadcasters plus gov access and numerous Chicagoland radio and TV stations, and by other nearby stations in Illinois and Indiana.

W18AT (Channel 18) a Chicagoland repeater of WHME of South Bend. Which is currently a LeSEA affiliate.

WPWR (Channel 50) is the Chicago My Network TV affiliate, but is licensed to Gary. Studios and transmitters are co-located with WFLD's in Chicago, and like WFLD, WPWR is owned by Fox Television Stations.

WYIN (Channel 56) is a PBS affiliate licensed to Gary. Their studios are in Merrillville.

WGVE (FM 88.7) is owned by the Gary Community School Corporation, and is used primarily as a teaching facility. Programming is maintained by students in the broadcast program at the Gary Career Center. WGVE also carries limited NPR programming.

WLTH (AM 1370) carries syndicated talk programming, and is owned by Pluria Marshall Jr.

WWCA (AM 1270) is presently a Relevant Radio owned-and-operated radio station, carrying programming from the Catholic-oriented Relevant Radio network.

Transportation

NICTD (Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District) also known as the South Shore line, a commuter rail system (one of the United States' last original operating interurban railway systems), running between Chicago and South Bend.

GPTC (Gary Public Transportation Corporation) a commuter bus system that offers service to numerous stops throughout the city and neighboring suburbs. GPTC also has express service to locations outside of the city including connections to Chicago transit. Front door pickup is available for disabled citizens at no extra cost.

GYY (Gary/Chicago International Airport) is operating as the "third airport" for the Chicagoland area. It is currently undergoing much federally funded expansion, and the administration is courting airlines aggressively. Boeing already bases their corporate fleets here. The National Guard is intending to base their Chicagoland air operation there as well, which would add much needed security to the Airport, taking away some of the stigma of an airport in Gary. Flight are now being offered by SkyValue (a low cost airline).

Sports

The following sports teams are based in Gary:

Baseball

U.S. Steel Yard, GaryThe Gary SouthShore RailCats, are a Northern League, professional baseball team. The team plays in Gary's U.S. Steel Yard baseball stadium. The RailCats were the 2005 Northern League champions.

Basketball

Genesis Convention Center, GaryThe Gary Steelheads, are a professional basketball team that have played in the IBL and the CBA and now play in the USBL (a minor league basketball league). The team plays in Gary's Genesis Convention Center.

Notable people from Gary, Indiana

Entertainment

Avery Brooks - (born in Evansville) actor, director, best known for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine

Morgan Freeman - (born in Memphis) Academy Award-winning American actor and film director

The Jackson Family - singers, musicians

Michael Jackson

Janet Jackson

Jermaine Jackson

LaToya Jackson

Tito Jackson

Marlon Jackson

Randy Jackson

Jackie Jackson

Rebbie Jackson

The Jackson 5

Barney Liddell - big-band trombonist best known on The Lawrence Welk Show

Karl Malden - actor, best known as General Omar Bradley in Patton

William H. Marshall - film actor, director, opera singer

Kym Mazelle - soul singer

James McCracken - opera singer

Karen McDougal - actress, model, 1998 Playboy Playmate of the year

Ralph McQuarrie - Academy Award-winning conceptual designer, best known for his work on the Star Wars films

Jesse Powell - soul singer

Ronnie Rancifer - original keyboardist for The Jackson 5

Jimmy Reed - a major player in the field of electric blues

Robert Rhymes - famous jazz saxophonist

Herschel Sparber - actor, voice over artist and Broadway performer, best known for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine

Jevetta Steele - African American gospel music singer

Ernest Lee Thomas - actor famous for his role as Roger on the sitcom What's Happening!! and its sequel, What's Happening Now!!

Victor Varnado - standup comedian and actor

Deniece Williams - singer and songwriter

Sports

Dick Barnett - NBA player

Brian Blair - aka "B. Brian Blair", professional wrestler

Vic Bubas - former Duke University basketball head coach

Harry Flournoy - college basketball player

Tom Harmon - Heisman trophy-winning football player

LaTroy Hawkins - baseball player, currently with the Baltimore Orioles

Alex Karras - football player, with Detroit Lions

Ron Kittle - baseball player

Angel Manfredy - boxer

Lloyd McClendon - baseball coach; bullpen coach for the Detroit Tigers

Brandon Moore - football player for the New York Jets

Dan Plesac - baseball player, pitcher

Glenn Robinson - American basketball player in the NBA, currently inactive

Hank Stram - NFL coach best known for his tenure with the Kansas City Chiefs

Sharmell Sullivan - better known as Queen Sharmell a Diva and manager for the WWE

Fred Williamson - star defensive back in the AFL

Tony Zale - "the man of steel" an American boxer

Academic, science and technology

Frank Borman - Astronaut on Gemini 7 and Apollo 8, CEO of Eastern Air Lines

Myron W. Krueger - computer graphics pioneer

Paul Samuelson - economist, recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal (1947) and the Nobel prize (1970)

Joseph Stiglitz - economist, recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal (1979) and the Nobel prize (2001)

Politics and law

Joseph E. Finerty - former mayor of Gary

Richard G. Hatcher - former mayor of Gary, first black mayor in Indiana

Michael King - black conservative commentator, columnist and television producer

Pete Visclosky - U.S. Representative from Indiana's First Congressional District

Other fields

Walter Hellman - born in Sweden and lived in Gary; checkers champion

Christopher Peterson - convicted serial killer; he has maintained his innocence

Todd Wagner - billionaire entrepreneur who co-founded Broadcast.com and now owns 2929 Entertainment

Dan Barreiro - Radio Talk Show Host

External links

City of Gary, Indiana Official Page

Galleries of some older, abandoned buildings in Gary

The Miller Beach web site

MillerBeachDays

Cities that smell

Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 41.580786° -87.345449°

Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local

Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia

Topographic map from TopoZone

Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA

Metropolitan area of Chicagoland

Central City: Chicago

Largest cities (over 30,000 in 2000): Aurora • Berwyn • Calumet City • Chicago Heights • Crystal Lake • Des Plaines • East Chicago, Indiana • Elgin • Elmhurst • Evanston • Gary, Indiana • Hammond, Indiana • Harvey • Highland Park • Joliet • Kenosha, Wisconsin • Naperville • North Chicago • Park Ridge • Waukegan • Wheaton

Largest towns and villages (over 30,000 in 2000): Addison • Arlington Heights • Bartlett • Bolingbrook • Buffalo Grove • Carol Stream • Carpentersville • Cicero • Downers Grove • Elk Grove Village • Glendale Heights • Glenview • Hanover Park • Hoffman Estates • Lombard • Merrillville, Indiana • Mount Prospect • Mundelein • Niles • Northbrook • Portage, Indiana • Oak Lawn • Oak Park • Orland Park • Palatine • Schaumburg • Skokie • Streamwood • Tinley Park • Wheeling • Woodridge

Counties: Cook • DeKalb • DuPage • Grundy • Jasper • Kane • Kankakee • Kendall • Kenosha • Lake (Illinois) • Lake (Indiana) • LaPorte • McHenry • Newton • Porter • Will

State of Indiana

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%2C_Indiana"

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